Review of research article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Review of research article - Essay Example The article that will be evaluated is Goal Setting Effects in Elite and Nonelite Boxers by M. O’Brien, S. Mellalieu and S. Hanton and published in the Journal of Applied Sports Psychology. In a brief overview, the article Goal Setting Effects in Elite and Nonelite Boxers by O’Brien et al (2009) deals with the question how goal-setting affect or influence elite and nonelite athletes in combat sports like boxing. Addressing this particular question, it has utilised the goal-setting model as developed by Burton et al (2001). It is now in this context that a more in depth look at the article will be carried out. There are three purposes that underlie the research. These are: the primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a goal-setting intervention program upon elite and nonelite boxers selected components of performance behaviors and their indirect psychological responses (O’Brien, 2009). It further holds that it aims to use the contemporary goal –setting model as developed by Burton et al (2001) and that it will extend the application of the said model to multiple baseline with focus on self-generated components of both the elite and nonelite boxers’ targeted and nontargeted performance behaviours over the duration of a competitive season; and (b) boxers indirect psychological responses to the goal program in the form of competitive anxiety and self confidence(O’Brien,2009). The second objective is to identify the underlying mechanisms of goal programs using qualitative analysis and the examination of the retention and outcome effects of the pr ogram. This goal is significant since according to the authors no research prior to this one has been done to look into the effects of goal setting to one-on-one combat sports like boxing (O’Brien, 2009). The third aim is to affirm a previous study that â€Å"elite boxers would experience greater improvements in performance behaviours as compared to the

Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Architecture - Essay Example According to Isozaki, the poetic imagination stands out as the only way to restore architecture at a historical moment especially after it appeared to be ruined by creative lethargy of late-modernism (Petit, 2008, p.153). The poetic work of Isozaki gives a complex analysis of the Japanese city in terms of reflecting to the monstrosities of the disastrous war. The monstrosities highlights the existence of human nature and should, therefore, be included in the image of architecture. Isozaki utilizes the human life motive to make people understand the relationship that exists between the finitude of human life and the precariousness of architectural fantasies. By importantly combining effects of distorting and moving mirrors, image, light and sound, Isozaki develops an effective and bodily experience that turns the mirror image of exhibition hence leading to the realization of abstract and sterile approach of architecture (Petit, 2008, p.153). The linking of the architectural developments to the past experiences, and the related aesthetic of fragmentation, characterizes the contemporary architectural works of Isozaki. In fact, he argued that for an architect to evade mass consumption that might be cast by the technocrat and not abandon design, then the architect must be ready to maintain a relationship with reality, which in most cases is characterizes by ironical and paradoxical (Petit, 2008, p.157). This paper tries to analyze Isozaki Frankenstein architecture project and trying to understand how the project is significant both in relation to the development of city and the emergence of diverse range of medium in everyday life. In trying to do so, several literature will be reviewed. The paper will then review the concepts from other sources in response to the question above. Isozaki utilizes the concepts of paradoxical reference to the past to demonstrate